초록
Two contrasting arguments exist regarding the relationship between immigration and its economic effects. One argues that immigration has a positive benefit to national economy by promoting population growth, averting population aging, and filling undesirable jobs, while others argue that immigration has a negative effect by displacing native workers and increasing burdens on welfare system in a host country. While the existing studies utilized cross-sectional analysis of multiple countries or time-series analysis within in a country, in this article, we have tested the competing hypothesis by utilizing a pooled data set from OECD’s immigration data. We have found that immigration has positive impact on national economy measured by per capita GDP. And this result may be attributed to several factors. Immigrant workers may fill industry gaps and lower production cost by providing cheap labor. Immigrants may serve as a flexible labor reserve and partially compensate for the low geographical or functional mobility of the native born population. Also, the analysis indicates that socio-political conditions have played important roles in promoting the national economy. More favorable socio-political conditions to immigrants have led to positive effects on the national economy. The implication is that immigrants that are quickly able to assimilate and integrate are more likely to become contributors and less likely to be a burden to government resources and the economy.
키워드
immigration, economic effects of immigration, labor market impacts of immigration
참고문헌(74)
-
[단행본] Ablett, J / 1999 / Generational Accounting around the World / Chicago University Press : 141 ~ 160
-
[학술지] Akbari, A. K. / 1989 / The benefits of immigrants to Canada: Evidence on tax and public services / Canadian Public Policy/Analyse de Politiques 154 : 424 ~ 435
-
[단행본] Altonji, J. G. / 1991 / Immigration. Trade and the Labor Market. National Bureau of Economic Research / National Bureau of Economic Research. Chicago University Press
-
[학술지] Arpaia, A / 2008 / Government expenditure and economic growth in the EU: Long-run tendencies and short-term adjustment / Economic Papers 300
-
[학술대회] Barro, R. J. / 1994 / Sources of economic growth / Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy : 1 ~ 46
-
[학술지] Barro, R. J. / 1991 / Economic growth in a cross section of countries / Quarterly Journal of Economics 1062 : 407 ~ 444
-
[보고서] Barro, R. J. / 1996 / Determinants of economic growth: A cross-country empirical study
-
[단행본] Barro, R. J. / 1997 / Determinants of Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Study / MIT Press
-
[학술지] Blau, F. D. / 1984 / The use of transfer payments by immigrants / International Labour Relations Review 37 : 222 ~ 239
-
[단행본] Bloom, D. E. / 2001 / Population Matters: Demographic Change. Economic Growth. and Poverty in the Developing World / Oxford University Press : 165 ~ 197
-
[학술지] Bloom, D. E. / 2003 / From demographic lift to economic lift off: The Case of Egypt / Applied Population and Policy 1 : 15 ~ 24
-
[단행본] Bloom, D. E. / 1997 / Emerging Asia: Changes and Challenges / Asian Development Bank : 141 ~ 197
-
[학술지] Bloom, D. E / 1998 / Demographic transitions and economic miracles in emerging Asia / World Bank Economic Review 123 : 419 ~ 455
-
[학술지] Bloom, D. E / 2000 / Population dynamics and economic growth in Asia / Population and Development Review 26 : 257 ~ 290
-
[학술지] Borjas, G. / 1983 / The substitutability of black. hispanic and white labor / Economic Inquiry 21 : 93 ~ 106
-
[학술지] Borjas, G. / 1986 / The sensitivity of Labor demand functions to the choice of the dependent variable / Review of Economics and Statistics 68 : 56 ~ 66
-
[학술지] Borjas, G / 1994 / The economics of immigration / Journal of Economic Literature 324 : 1667 ~ 1717
-
[단행본] Borjas, G / 1999 / The Handbook of Labour Economics 3A / North Holland : 69 ~ 133
-
[기타] Borjas, G. / 2002 / The labor demand curve is downward sloping: Reexamining the impact of immigration on the labor market / Harvard University
-
[학술지] Borjas, G. J / 1994 / The economics of immigration / Journal of Economic Literature 324 : 324
-
[학술지] Borjas, G. J. / 2003 / The labor demand curve is downward sloping: Reexamining the impact of immigration on the labor market / The Quarterly Journal of Economics 1184 : 1335 ~ 1374
-
[보고서] Borjas, G / 1996 / Searching for the Effect of Immigration on the Labor Market
-
[학술대회] Butcher, K. & Card, D / 1991 / Immigration and Wages: Evidence from the 1980's / AEA Papers and Proceedings : 812
-
[보고서] Camarota, S. / 1998 / The Effects on the Low-Skilled Labor Market
-
[학술지] Carrington, W / 1996 / The Impact of 1970s Repatriates from Africa on the Portuguese Labour Market / Industrial and Labor Relations Review 49 (2)
-
[학술지] Cass, D. / 1965 / Optimum growth in an aggregative model of capital accumulation / Review of Economic Studies 32 : 233 ~ 240
-
[보고서] Chassamboulli, A / 2010 / Give me your tired. your poor. so I can Prosper: Immigration in Search Equilibrium
-
[보고서] Coppel, J / 2001 / Trends in Immigration and Economic Consequences
-
[인터넷자료] Dustmann, C / The performance of immigrants in the UK. Report for the Home Office
-
[보고서] Edwards, S. / 1997 / Openness. productivity and growth: what do we really know?
-
[학술대회] Espenshade, T. J. / 1997 / Immigration and public opinion / Paper prepared for the Conference on Immigration and the Socio-Cultural Remaking of the North American Space
-
[학술지] Espenshade, T. J / 1996 / Contemporary American attitudes toward U.S. Immigration / International Migration Review 302 : 535 ~ 570
-
[보고서] Felbermayr, G. J. / 2008 / Does immigration boost per capita income?
-
[학술지] Feld, S. / 2000 / Active population growth and immigration hypotheses in western Europe / European Journal of Population 161 : 3 ~ 40
-
[학술대회] Friedberg, R / 1995 / Immigration and the receiving economy / Paper prepared for the SSRC conference "Becoming American/America Becoming: International Migration to the United States." : 18 ~ 21
-
[학술지] Friedberg, R / 1995 / The impact of immigrants on host country wages. employment and growth / Journal of Economic Perspectives 92 : 23 ~ 44
-
[학술지] Gang, I. / 1994 / Labor Market Effects of Immigration in the United States and Europe / Journal of Population Economics 7 : 7
-
[보고서] Geary, P / 1985 / Immigration and the Real Wage Time Series Evidence from the United States : 1820 ~ 1977
-
[보고서] Gott, C / 2002 / The migrant population in the UK: Fiscal effects
-
[학술지] Grossman, J. B. / 1982 / The substituability of natives and migrants in production / Review of Economics and Statistics 64 : 596 ~ 603
-
[보고서] Heybey, B. / 1999 / The relationship between economic growth and the speed of liberalization during transition : 121 ~ 137
-
[학술지] Hunt, J / 1992 / The Impact of the 1962 Repatriates From Algeria on the French Labor market / Industrial and Labor Relations Review 453 : 453
-
[보고서] Jayanthakumaran, K. / 2002 / The impact of trade liberalization on manufacturing sector performance in developing countries: A survey of literature
-
[단행본] Jensen, L. / 1989 / The New Immigration: Implications for Poverty and Public Assistance Utilization / Greenwood Press
-
[보고서] Kelley, A. C. / 1994 / Population and income change: Recent evidence
-
[학술지] Kelley, A. C / 1988 / Economic Consequences of Population Change in the Third World / Journal of Economic Literature 264 : 1685 ~ 1728
-
[단행본] Kelley, A. C. / 2001 / Population Matters: Demographic Change. Economic Growth. and Poverty in the Developing World / Oxford University Press : 67 ~ 105
-
[학술지] Kelly, A. C. / 2005 / Evolution of recent economic-demographic modeling: A synthesis / Journal of Population Economics 18 : 275 ~ 300
-
[학술지] 김호범 / 2008 / 일본의 인구학적 요인과 경제성장간의 관계에 대한 분석 / 국제지역연구 12 (2) : 125 ~ 145
-
[단행본] Koopmans, T. C / 1965 / The Econometric Approach to Development Planning / North Holland
-
[보고서] Leibfritz, W. / 2003 / Effects of Immigration on Labour Markets and Government Budgets: An Overview
-
[학술지] Levine, R. / 1992 / A Sensitivity Analysis of Cross-Country Growth Regressions / American Economic Review 824 : 942 ~ 963
-
[단행본] Malthus, T. R. / 1798 / An Essay on the Principle of Population
-
[학술지] Marr, W. / 1994 / The Link Between Immigration and Unemployment in Canada / Journal of Policy Modeling 161 : 161
-
[학술지] Matsuyama. / 1992 / Agricultural productivity. comparative advantage and economic growth / Journal of Economic Theory 58 : 317 ~ 334
-
[단행본] Muller, T. / 1985 / The Fourth Wave: California Newest Immigrants / Urban Institute Press
-
[학술지] Nair, M. / 2006 / The effect of trade openness on manufacturing industry in Malaysia: Strategies to enhance its competitiveness / International Journal of Management 234 : 878 ~ 943
-
[보고서] Ottaviano, G. I. / 2009 / The causes and effects of international migrations: Evidence from OECD Countries 1980-2005
-
[학술지] Ottaviano, G. I. / 2011 / Rethinking the effects of immigration on wages / Journal of the European Economic Association
-
[보고서] Ottaviano, G. I. / 2010 / Immigration. offshoring and American Jobs
-
[학술지] Radelet, S / 2001 / The determinants and prospects of economic growth in Asia / International Economic Journal 153 : 1 ~ 29
-
[학술지] Ramsey, F / 1928 / A mathematical theory of saving / Economic Journal 38 : 543 ~ 559
-
[보고서] Razin,. A / 2000 / Interactions between international migration and the welfare state
-
[학술지] Simon, J. / 1984 / Immigrants. taxes and welfare in the United States / Population and Development Review 10 : 55 ~ 69
-
[학술지] Sinn, H.-W. / 2001 / Immigration and EU Eastern Enlargement / CESifo Forum
-
[학술지] Solow, R. M. / 1956 / A contribution to the theory of economic growth / Quarterly Journal of Economics 701 : 65 ~ 94
-
[보고서] Stevens, P. / 2003 / Education and Economic Growth
-
[학술지] Storesletten, K. / 2000 / Sustaining fiscal policy through immigration / Journal of Political Economy 1082 : 300 ~ 323
-
[학술지] Swan, T. W. / 1956 / Economic growth and capital accumulation / Economic Record 32 : 334 ~ 361
-
[단행본] Tanzi, V. / 2000 / Public Spending in the 20th Century: A Global Perspective / Cambridge University Press
-
[단행본] Ulrich, R / 1994 / Immigration as an economic asset / Trentham Books
-
[학술지] Withers, G. / 1985 / Immigration and Unemployment / The Economic Record 61 : 61
-
[인터넷자료] / UN
-
[인터넷자료] / World Bank