성결대학교 다문화평화연구소

키워드

다카라쓰카, 국민극, 철도 기업, 백화점, 여가
Takarazuka, Train Enterprise, Department Store, National Theater, Leisure

초록

The City of Takarazuka near Osaka is the representative city of culture and tourism in the Kansai region of Japan. This city is crowded with people who come to see the theater, to do shopping and to enjoy the holidays with their family on weekends. Within 30 minutes’ distance, Takarazuka attracts the family tourists and is very popular with its convenient facilities such as the hotels near the river. What was the reason Takarazuka become the representative cultural area of Japan? To understand this, we should pay attention to Kobayashi Ichizo who planned all the leisure facilities and realized them. Kobayashi wanted to make the newly-appearing salary men of middle-class into the consumers of culture. In order to attain this goal, the essential business was to construct the rail roads and to develop land for housing lots on a large scale. The important thing to him was not the art for the small group of privileged class, but the art for the whole people. He thought that the admission fee had not to be burdensome in order that the culture became familiar to people. In the case of the large-scale performances such as Kabuki or Opera, the solution should be not to raise the admission fee but to multiply the spectators without raising the admission fee. In this background, he planned to build a Grand Theater to admit thousands of people. His life offers a reference revealing how the current culture industry of Japan develops. He conducted the various businesses in order to give the mass of people the opportunity to enjoy their life of leisure and his businesses are deeply rooted in Japanese Society until these days. The first terminal-department in Japan linking rail station and shopping, the feminine theater of Takarazuka for the dreams and fantasy for women, and the family land for enjoying leisure time in suburbs show well his vision.

참고문헌 (18)

1. [학술지] 小林一三 / 1919 / 再び東京帝國劇場に寶塚少女歌劇を公演するに就て / 歌劇
2. [학술지] 小林一三 / 1921 / 歌舞伎劇の改善と松竹の運命 / 歌劇
3. [학술지] 小林一三 / 1923 / 大劇場の反對者へ / 歌劇
4. [학술지] 小林一三 / 1926 / 民衆藝術の內容 / 歌劇
5. [단행본] 編著川崎賢子 / 1992 / 宝塚の誘惑: オスカルの赤い口紅 / 靑 弓社
6. [단행본] 橋本雅夫 / 1996 / 阪急電車青春物語 / 草思社
7. [단행본] 原武史. / 1998 / 民都大阪対帝都東京―思想としての関西私鉄 / 講談社
8. [단행본] 渡辺裕 / 1999 / 宝塚歌劇の変容と日本近代 / 新書館
9. [단행본] 川崎賢子 / 1999 / 宝塚: 消費社會のスペクタクル / 講談社
10. [학술대회] 今西正子 / 1999 / 일본 다카라쓰카의 교육체계 / 여성국극 50주년 기념국제학술 세미나: 동아시아 전통공연예술교육의 실제
11. [단행본] Jean-Jacques Tschudin et Claude Hamon / 2004 / La Modernité à l’horizon: La culture populaire dans le Japon des années vingt / Editions Philippe Picquier
12. [단행본] Ministry of Finance / 1963 / Theatre in Japan, Tokyo: comp. Japanese National Commission for UNESCO / Printing Bureau
13. [단행본] Ortolani, Benito / 1990 / The Japanese Theatre : From Shamanistic Ritual to contemporary pluralism / E. J. Brill
14. [학위논문] 박현경 / 2003 / 다카라즈카에 관한 연구: 성립과 변천을 중심으로
15. [단행본] 쇼지 도미타 / 2008 / 호텔: 근대문명의 상징 / 논형
16. [학술지] 이성재 / 2006 / 塚歌劇에 대한 人類學的 考察 －兩性에 대한 槪念을 中心으로－ / 일본문화연구 (18) : 113 ~ 134
17. [기타] 여성신문 / 2002 / 다지마 쿠미와의 인터뷰
18. [단행본] 토오루 하쓰다 / 2003 / 백화점 : 도시문화의 근대 / 논형

참고문헌 더보기