성결대학교 다문화평화연구소

키워드

immigration, economic effects of immigration, labor market impacts of immigration
이민의 경제적 효과, 이민자의 노동력 공급, 이민의 노동시장에의 영향

초록

Two contrasting arguments exist regarding the relationship between immigration and its economic effects. One argues that immigration has a positive benefit to national economy by promoting population growth, averting population aging, and filling undesirable jobs, while others argue that immigration has a negative effect by displacing native workers and increasing burdens on welfare system in a host country. While the existing studies utilized cross-sectional analysis of multiple countries or time-series analysis within in a country, in this article, we have tested the competing hypothesis by utilizing a pooled data set from OECD’s immigration data. We have found that immigration has positive impact on national economy measured by per capita GDP. And this result may be attributed to several factors. Immigrant workers may fill industry gaps and lower production cost by providing cheap labor. Immigrants may serve as a flexible labor reserve and partially compensate for the low geographical or functional mobility of the native born population. Also, the analysis indicates that socio-political conditions have played important roles in promoting the national economy. More favorable socio-political conditions to immigrants have led to positive effects on the national economy. The implication is that immigrants that are quickly able to assimilate and integrate are more likely to become contributors and less likely to be a burden to government resources and the economy.

이민의 경제적 효과에 대한 상반된 두 가지 주장이 존재한다. 하나는 이민은 인구성장에 기여하고 인구노령화를 방지하며 취약한 직업에 대한 일자리를 제공함으로써 경제성장에 이바지한다고 주장한다. 반면, 다른 한편에서는 이민은 내국인의 일자리를 뺏어가고 복지시스템에 대한 부담을 가중시켜 국민경제에 부정적 영향을 미친다고 주장하고 있다. 기존 연구들이 많은 국가의 횡단면 자료나 한 국가의 시계열 자료를 가지고 그 효과를 분석한데에 반해, 이 연구는 OECD의 이민에 관한 패널 데이타를 구축하여 이민의 경제적 효과를 검증하고 있다. 분석결과, 이민은 일인당 GDP로 측정된 국민경제에 긍정적 영향을 갖는 것으로 추정되었다. 이 결과는 몇 가지 요소에 의해 기인하는 것으로 판단된다.

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