성결대학교 다문화평화연구소

키워드

문화지능, 잡 크래프팅, 직업배태성, 외국인근로자, 고용허가제
Cultural Intelligence, Job Crafting, Job Embeddedness, Foreign Workers, Employment Permit System

초록

새로운 문화에 효과적으로 적응하는 능력인 문화지능(cultural intelligence)은 국내 거주 외국인근로자가 숙련 노동자로 발전하기 위해서 꼭 필요한 역량일 것이다. 기존 연구들은 글로벌 환경에서 성과를 위해 필요한 개인역량으로서 문화지능을 다루었으나, 일종의 직무역량인 잡 크래프팅(job crafting)과의 관계는 거의 연구된 바가 없다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 외국인근로자들의 문화지능이 어떻게 그들의 잡 크래프팅에 영향을 미치는지 검토하고자 했다. 보다 구체적으로 직무와 환경에 잘 적응해 조직에 뿌리를 내리는 직업배태성(job embeddedness)을 경유하는 문화지능의 영향력을 가설화했다. 이들 변수 간의 관계는 국내 중소업체에 근무하는 224명의 외국인들에게서 획득한 데이터를 통해 분석되었다. 구조방정식모델링 결과, 문화지능은 잡 크래프팅에 대한 유의한 예측변수였으며, 직업배태성은 이들 간의 관계를 완전매개했다. 이 같은 결과는 기업 경영자들이 고용허가제를 통한 외국인 채용 시 그들의 문화지능을 고려할 것을 제안한다. 게다가 외국인근로자들에겐 직업안정성이 선행되어야만 자발적인 창의적 행동에도 관여할 수 있음을 인지할 필요가 있다고 제안한다.

Cultural intelligence (CI)―capability to function effectively in intercultural settings―is vital for foreign workers in South Korea to advance their skills. Previously researchers considered that cultural intelligence was a key factor for employees to enhance personal capabilities in global workforce. However, few studies have thoroughly investigated the direct relationship between cultual intelligence and job crafting (JC), In this regard, we hypothesized that cultural intelligence relates positively with job crafting via job embeddedness (JE). Relationship among the constructs were tested using survey data from 224 foreign workers in South Korea. The results of structural equation modeling show that CI had positive impact on JC, and JE completely mediated between CI and JC. These findings imply that managers need to pay attention to the role of foreign workers' cultural intelligence as personal competence for responding to their jobs in flexible ways. It is also suggested that managers need to recognize foreign workers' proactively involve in creative behavior through job embedded opportunity.

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