성결대학교 다문화평화연구소

키워드

이주민, 가치관, 삶의 만족도, 세계가치관 조사
immigrants, values, life satisfaction, World Values Survey

초록

본 연구는 개인의 가치관과 주류사회 가치관의 불일치가 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향력이 이민지위에 따라 다른 양상을 보이는지 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 6차년도 세계가치관 조사에 수집된 22개국의 자료를 분석에 이용하였으며 이민지위를 선주민, 이민 1세대, 이민 2세대로 나누고 가치관의 측정은 Schwartz의 10가지 가치유형을 사용하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 권력과 자극에 부여한 중요도는 이민 2세대가, 박애, 보편주의, 동조, 전통에 부여한 중요도는 이민 1세대가 다른 집단에 비해 높았다. 이민 2세대는 안전과 동조에서 다른 두 집단에 비해 유의하게 낮은 중요도를 보였다. 또한, 선주민은 두 이민자 집단에 비해 유의하게 삶의 만족도가 높았다. 둘째, 자기주도, 쾌락주의, 박애의 수준이 높을수록 선주민과 이민 1세대 집단의 삶의 만족도는 높았으나, 이민 2세대는 성취에 부여하는 중요도가 높을수록 삶의 만족도가 높았다. 한편, 권력에 부여하는 중요도는 세 집단 모두의 삶의 만족도와 부적 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 대체적으로 각 가치유형에 주류사회의 평균에 비해 높은 중요도를 부여하는 것은 삶의 만족도에 정적인 영향력을 미쳤다. 이민 2세대는 권력에 부여하는 중요도가 주류사회의 수준에 비해 높을수록 삶의 만족도가 낮았으며 안전과 성취에 중요도를 높이 부여할 때 삶의 만족도가 높았다. 이민 1세대의 경우, 동조에 부여하는 중요도가 주류사회의 수준에 비해 높을 때 삶의 만족도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 바탕으로 추후 연구 방향을 제안하였다.

This study examined the effects of the differences of values between mainstream society and immigrants on life satisfaction across three immigrant status groups - natives, first- and second-generation immigrants. For this, it used data from the 6th wave of the World Values Survey. Main findings aㅈre as follows. First, the second-generation immigrants placed higher importance on the values of power and stimulation and the first-generation immigrants on the values of benevolence, universalism, conformity, and tradition compared with other groups. The second-generation placed lower importance on the values of security and conformity compared with other groups. Natives showed the highest levels of life satisfaction. Second, while the higher levels on the importance on the values of self-direction, hedonism, and benevolence were positively related to the higher levels of life satisfaction of natives and the first-generation immigrants, it was the levels of importance on the value of achievement that explain the levels of life satisfaction of the second-generation immigrants. The importance on the value of power was negatively related to life satisfaction across three groups. Third, placing significantly higher importance on the values was positively related to life satisfaction. While the significantly higher importance on power of the second-generation immigrants lowered life satisfaction, that on conformity of the first-generation immigrants lowered life satisfaction. Based on the findings, future research directions were suggested.

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